AS Biology1.02 - App Store

Biology AS full revision guide

Contains readable sections to help you for every section of the AQA syllabus (also suitable for other exam boards, please see the list below). Designed for IOS 7, this interactive study guide is a best in class learning system including interactive quiz and study sections.

Unit 1

3.1.1 Disease may be caused by infectious pathogens or may reflect the effects of lifestyle Pathogens

Lifestyle

3.1.2 The digestive system provides an interface with the environment. Digestion involves enzymic hydrolysis producing smaller molecules that can be absorbed and assimilated.

The Digestive system

Proteins

Enzyme action

Enzyme properties

Carbohydrate digestion

3.1.3 Substances are exchanged between organisms and their environment by passive or active transport across exchange surfaces. The structure of plasma membranes enables control of the passage of substances across exchange surfaces. Cells

Plasma membranes

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active transport

Absorption

Cholera

3.1.4 The lungs of a mammal act as an interface with the environment. Lung function may be affected by pathogens and by factors relating to lifestyle. Lung function

The biological basis of lung disease

3.1.5 The functioning of the heart plays a central role in the circulation of blood and relates to the level of activity of an individual. Heart disease may be linked to factors affecting lifestyle. Heart structure and function

The biological basis of heart disease

3.1.6 Mammalian blood possesses a number of defensive functions. Principles of immunology

Unit 2

3.2.1 Living organisms vary and this variation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Investigating variation

Causes of variation

3.2.2 DNA is an information-carrying molecule. Its sequence of bases determines the structure of proteins, including enzymes. Structure of DNA

Genes and polypeptides

DNA and chromosomes

Meiosis

3.2.3 Similarities and differences in DNA result in genetic diversity. Genetic diversity

3.2.4 The variety of life is extensive and this is reflected in similarities and differences in its biochemical basis and cellular organisation. Haemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Cells

3.2.5 During the cell cycle, genetic information is copied and passed to genetically identical daughter cells. Replication of DNA

Mitosis

Cell cycle

3.2.6 In complex multicellular organisms, cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems. Cell differentiation

3.2.7 Factors such as size and metabolic rate affect the requirements of organisms and this gives rise to adaptations such as specialised exchange surfaces and mass transport systems. Size and surface area

Gas exchange

Mass transport

The blood system

The passage of water through a plant

3.2.8 Classification is a means of organising the variety of life based on relationships between organisms and is built round the concept of species. Principles of taxonomy

3.2.9 Originally, classification systems were based on observable features but more recent approaches draw on a wider range of evidence to clarify relationships between organisms. Genetic comparisons

DNA

Proteins

Behaviour

3.2.10 Adaptation and selection are major components of evolution and make a significant contribution to the diversity of living organisms. Antibiotics

Genetic variation in bacteria

3.2.11 Biodiversity may be measured within a habitat. Species diversity

Index of diversity

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